Spinal Cord Stimulation (SCS)

Epidural pacing for intractable neuropathic pain.

Waveform Paradigms

Historically reliant on paresthesia (tonic 50Hz stimulation), modern SCS utilizes paresthesia-free paradigms like 10kHz high-frequency (Nevro) or BurstDR (Abbott), altering the fundamental gating mechanisms in the dorsal horn.

Hardware Profile

Feature	Detail
Lead Types	Percutaneous (cylindrical) vs Paddle (surgical)
Contact Count	8 to 32 contacts

FAQ

What is ECAP closed-loop?

Evoked Compound Action Potentials (ECAPs) are measured to auto-adjust stimulation amplitude as the spinal cord moves within the thecal sac.